Prime Minister Keir Starmer has instructed hospitals, universities, and all public institutions in the UK to act immediately in line with the Supreme Court’s April 2025 ruling, which clarified that the legal definition of “woman” refers strictly to biological sex. The directive includes banning trans women from female-only lavatories and changing rooms across public services.
This move comes after widespread delays from public bodies in updating their guidance and facilities. Starmer emphasized that there should be “no more hesitation” in applying the ruling and ensuring public policies reflect the law. His comments mark the first clear political enforcement call since the Supreme Court redefined “woman” for the purposes of the Equality Act 2010.
The Supreme Court Ruling
On April 16, 2025, the UK Supreme Court ruled in For Women Scotland Ltd v Scottish Ministers that the term “woman” in the Equality Act applies exclusively to individuals of the female biological sex. This means that trans women, even those holding Gender Recognition Certificates, are not legally considered women in contexts where sex-based rights are protected.
The ruling reaffirmed that the Equality Act provides protection for transgender individuals under the characteristic of gender reassignment, but it does not allow for access to single-sex services or spaces reserved for biological women.
Starmer’s Direct Order to Public Institutions
In response to the slow adoption of the ruling across various public institutions, Starmer stated that all guidance and policies “must now be consistent with the Supreme Court’s interpretation.” He expressed concern that many hospitals and public departments were waiting for the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) to issue updated guidelines before taking action.
The Prime Minister made it clear that such delays are no longer acceptable and urged every public body to review and update their internal policies, signage, and training materials to comply with the legal standard.
Impact on Hospitals and the NHS
One of the most immediate implications will be felt across the National Health Service (NHS). Hospitals that have previously allowed individuals to use facilities based on their gender identity will now be required to designate lavatories, changing rooms, and wards based on biological sex.
This means that trans women will not be allowed in female-only lavatories or wards unless gender-neutral or specially designated facilities are available. NHS Trusts have been warned that failure to comply could result in legal and regulatory action.
Divided Public Response
The Prime Minister’s directive has been met with mixed reactions. Advocates for sex-based rights welcomed the move, calling it a necessary clarification and long-overdue enforcement of legal boundaries. They argue that single-sex spaces are critical for privacy, safety, and fairness, particularly in healthcare, education, and public services.
On the other hand, trans rights organisations have raised concerns about the potential for discrimination and exclusion. Many fear that this directive could increase public hostility toward transgender individuals and limit their access to essential services. Critics also argue that the framing of trans identity as incompatible with legal womanhood undermines dignity and inclusion.
The Role of the EHRC
The Equality and Human Rights Commission has stated that the Supreme Court ruling is legally binding and must be observed by all public institutions. However, the EHRC is currently working on updated guidance to help organisations implement the changes in a way that respects both the law and the rights of individuals affected by the policy shift.
While the finalised EHRC framework is still pending, the Supreme Court judgment itself already carries legal weight and requires immediate application.
What Public Bodies Must Do
In light of the Prime Minister’s order, public institutions must now take the following actions:
Review all internal policies related to single-sex spaces, lavatories, changing rooms, and wards. Update staff training to ensure proper enforcement of access rules based on biological sex. Introduce or expand gender-neutral facilities where possible to accommodate all users respectfully. Clearly communicate changes to the public and stakeholders to ensure understanding and compliance. Monitor ongoing legal developments and EHRC guidance to ensure alignment with future updates.
A Defining Moment for UK Gender Policy
The directive from Prime Minister Starmer reflects a significant moment in UK policy around gender identity and public services. It signals a government shift toward strict legal interpretations of sex-based rights and places responsibility on public bodies to act in accordance with court rulings.
At the core of this issue lies a deeper national debate on how best to balance legal precision with social inclusion. As institutions adapt to these new standards, the broader discussion around gender, rights, and access will continue to evolve.
While legal definitions have been clarified, the challenge now lies in implementing these changes fairly, sensitively, and in a way that ensures dignity for all. Public bodies must walk a careful line between compliance and compassion—one that reflects both the letter and the spirit of the law.
